Alessandro Cortini is an Italian musician, songwriter, and composer known for participating in various industrial and alternative projects, most notably Nine Inch Nails, in addition to releasing haunting instrumental electronic music as a solo artist. After founding the electronic rock band modwheelmood during the late 1990s, he became a touring member of NIN in 2005, then departed the group in late 2008 in order to work on his solo projects blindoldfreak and Sonoio. He rejoined NIN in 2013, the same year he began a prolific run of albums under his own name, showcasing his mastery of analog and modular synthesizers. In addition to eerie yet accessible solo efforts like 2019's Volume Massimo and 2021's Scuro Chiaro, Cortini has released full-length collaborations with Merzbow, Lawrence English, and Daniel Avery.